Research-by-design framework for integrating education and research in an intercultural parallel design studio

Intercultural student exchange can positively impact education, research, and society. Research-by-design has been put forward in design education as an approach to explicitly address the integration of education and research. The problem is that design schools develop their own interpretation of this approach, which brings difficulty in virtually comparing and learning from the generated design proposals. This case is evident in intercultural parallel design studios that deal with diverging socio-cultural and institutional traditions. In addressing this problem and maximizing the benefits of intercultural exchange, this study proposes to adopt a meta perspective and use the design as co-evolution model as a framework for analyzing and comparing design data generated by different research-by-design approaches. The study applies this meta perspective on an intercultural architectural design studio jointly organized by Ton Duc Thang University (Vietnam) and Hasselt University (Belgium).     

Pesticide residues in leafy vegetables,stalk and stem vegetables from South Korea: a long-term study on safety and health risk assessment

South Korea has a unique food culture. South Koreans enjoy wrapping meat and eating or making kimchi (traditionally fermented Korean food) and eating using raw leafy vegetables, stalk and stem vegetables. Therefore, there is a high chance of being exposed to pesticide residues of vegetables. The objective of this study was to investigate pesticide residues in leafy vegetables, stalk and stem vegetables from South Korea. A total of 8496 samples were mainly collected from Gwangju and Jeonnam area (the largest production region of leafy vegetables, stalk and stem vegetables) in South Korea from 2010 to 2014. A total of 230 pesticides were used for multi-residue analysis of pesticides. Among 8496 samples, 61 different pesticides (1029 times) were detected in 890 samples, of which 118 samples (1.4%) exceeded the Korea maximum residue limits (MRLs). Samples exceeding the MRLs were mostly found in leafy vegetables (brassica lee ssp. namai, leafy lettuce, spinach, perilla leaves, crown daisy, marsh mallow, aster scaber, pimpinella brachycarpa) and Chinese chive. Procymidone, dimethomorph and azoxystrobin were the most frequently found pesticides. A risk assessment of pesticides exceeding the MRLs was evaluated by calculating the estimated daily intake (EDI) and the acceptable daily intake (ADI). The ratio of EDI to ADI was 0.003–30.4%.     

南秦岭汉阴北部金斗坡矿区S2面理和黑云母-石榴石变斑晶矿物温压条件与控矿关系

南秦岭汉阴北部金斗坡矿区志留系梅子垭组面理以S₂面理为主。大比例尺构造-岩相填图和剖面实测所获得的大量S₂面理产状数据显示,S₂面理倾向305°~355°,倾角为25°~50°,为稳定北倾的平直面理。通过S₂面理产状数据连图和综合分析,S₂面理与金矿化具有相同的展布特征及变化规律,对成矿具有制约作用。此外,选取梅子垭组含石榴石黑云母变斑晶绢云母石英片岩中的共生矿物石榴石-黑云母进行电子探针测试,运用Holdaway石榴石-黑云母地质温度计方法,估算出该区热蚀变温度为590 ℃~670 ℃。综合研究表明,印支晚期—燕山早期为金矿的成矿期,在此期间岩浆热液的强烈活动引起热蚀变作用的发生,生成石榴石与黑云母变斑晶;热变质作用促使Au元素发生活化,有利于后期Au元素富集成矿。     

生物礁、滩、灰泥丘沉积特征及地震识别

通过对国内外典型的生物礁、滩及灰泥丘实例分析,寻求三者的识别方法,建立地震识别标志。依据生物礁、滩及灰泥丘沉积特征及其地球物理响应,提出“三角分类”方案,相应归纳出“点、线、面、体、时”综合地震识别法,其中“点”即分析单个地质体的地震反射结构和构型,“线”即分析地质体的沉积环境,“面”即刻画地质体的平面分布,“体”即刻画地质体的空间分布,“时”即解剖地质体的纵向旋回性。应用该方法在南海西北部深水区共识别出了5类生物礁、3类滩和2类灰泥丘。其中生物礁具有低频、中-强振幅、中连续反射结构,丘状反射构型,内部具有海侵-海退旋回,位于构造高部位,沉积于高能环境;滩呈低频、中连续、中-强振幅地震反射结构,席状地震反射构型,位于构造斜坡带,形成于高能环境;灰泥丘具有低频、强振幅、非连续反射结构,丘状地震反射构型,位于斜坡相对底部位,沉积于低能环境。“点、线、面、体、时”识别方法将沉积特征、环境能量、地球物理响应及旋回分析有机结合,能可靠地识别生物礁、滩及灰泥丘,揭示出南海西北部深水区局部发育生物礁,广泛发育碳酸盐滩。     

An index-based risk assessment model for hydrogen infrastructure

This study focuses on the development of a risk assessment model associated with the safety of a hydrogen infrastructure system. The safety of hydrogen infrastructure is one of the crucial pre-requisites for a sustainable economy and accordingly, its design should be made based upon the performance to investigate and evaluate the risks from or out of the required infrastructure. In order to support strategic decision-making for safe hydrogen infrastructure, this study proposes an appropriate index-based risk assessment model. The model evaluates the hydrogen infrastructure using the relative risk ranking of the hydrogen activities such as hydrogen production, storage and transportation, and the relative impact levels of regions. The relative risk rankings of the hydrogen activities are rated a quantitative risk analysis, whereas the relative impact level of regions is rated based on the regional characteristics such as population density. With consideration of regional characteristics, the proposed model makes it possible not only to assess the risks of processes and technologies associated with hydrogen but also to compare the relative safety levels of the hydrogen infrastructures made up with various hydrogen activities. In order to show the features and capabilities of the model, four future hydrogen infrastructure scenarios in Korea are examined in the study. The result shows that distributed production, and mass storage and transportation via liquefied hydrogen facility are relatively safer than centralized production, and compressed-gaseous hydrogen storage and transportation, respectively.     

A new energy future for South Africa: The political ecology of South African renewable energy

Renewable energy remains a contested topic in South Africa. This paper argues that South Africa can build on the momentum surrounding its introduction of a feed-in tariff by enacting policies that may, if given adequate funding and political effort, allow the country to be a world leader in renewable energy. Given a variety of renewable energy policy options for moving forward, a majority of stakeholders consulted in this study strongly prefer the development of a renewable energy manufacturing cluster, in which government develops coordinated policy mechanisms that attract renewable energy manufacturers, over three other policies suggested by the authors. Interviews with key informants that play critical roles in this decision-making process suggest that there are reasons to remain cautiously optimistic about the country's renewable energy future while cognizant of the challenges that must still be overcome. Opportunities for a low carbon renewable energy transition in South Africa include the prevalence of broad stakeholder consultation, facilitated by civil society, and an innovative policy development context. Significant impediments also exist, however, and include pervasive social issues such as poverty and political inertia, along with the ongoing difficulties facing renewable energy technologies in reaching grid parity with inexpensive and abundant South African coal.     

陆架边缘三角洲在层序地层格架中的识别及其意义——以南海白云凹陷为例

陆架边缘三角洲具有优质的生、储、盖组合和多种圈闭类型。从成因方面来讲陆架边缘三角洲可分为:物源控制型、海平面控制型和两者混合控制型。在海平面相对静止阶段,河流强大的物源供给不断向陆坡运移,可以使陆架坡折逐渐向远陆方向前进,同时在陆架坡折带及上陆坡形成陆架边缘三角洲沉积;在沉积物供给相对稳定期,海平面下降至陆架坡折附近也可以使大量沉积物穿越广阔的陆架地区达到陆架坡折带甚至上陆坡从而形成陆架边缘三角洲沉积。正是由于以上特征陆架边缘三角洲沉积体系在层序地层格架中具有了一些可识别的依据。例如陆架边缘三角洲通常具有大型斜交S型前积组合反射结构,前积体顶超面与下超面的水平落差可达百米级,远高于陆架内部三角洲前积体的落差;通常形成于层序格架中的低位域;通常在层序格架中形成向陆和向海两个方向的斜坡楔形体等。通过对白云凹陷近期最新钻井资料的分析和长电缆高质量三维地震资料的解释,在白云凹陷珠海组、珠江组均识别出了陆架边缘三角洲沉积体系,并且伴随陆架坡折的迁移形成了独特的沿陆架坡折带分布的深水储层体系,该发现将有助于指导深水油气勘探。     

南海北部叠合断陷盆地海陆过渡相烃源岩及成藏贡献——以珠二坳陷白云凹陷为例

伸展盆地裂谷期为陆相、海陆过渡相和海相沉积充填的叠合断陷盆地,与断陷期完全为陆相地层充填的陆相断陷盆地在形成的板块构造环境、沉积相和烃源岩等方面有显著区别。中国近海叠合断陷盆地一般主要沉积有陆相、海陆过渡相和海相3个层系的烃源层,其中海陆过渡相烃源岩是南海北部断陷盆地珠二坳陷、琼东南盆地的主力烃源岩,该层系生烃成藏均晚于断陷期沉积的陆相地层。该类烃源岩具有陆源生烃母质和海相生烃母质双源输入的混合特征,干酪根类型为Ⅱ-Ⅲ型,以生气（煤型气）为主,但浅部烃源岩有一定的生油能力,其生成的油气亦有双源成因的特征。油气源对比研究表明,白云凹陷番禺地区和LW3-1气田油气成藏的主要贡献者是白云凹陷海陆过渡相的恩平组烃源岩,但也有渐新统珠海组海相烃源岩的贡献。勘探实践证明,这种海陆过渡相烃源岩目前已成为南海北部断陷盆地最为重要的烃源层系,是该区有效的烃源岩。     

南美虾蛋白酶解产物过敏原消减效果研究

采用胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶分解南美白对虾的蛋白质,以消减其中的蛋白质过敏原;应用全身过敏反应和离体回肠平滑肌过敏性收缩实验模型,对该工艺蛋白酶酶解产物的致敏性进行评价。结果显示,3种蛋白酶的虾蛋白酶解产物所致的全身过敏反应均明显减轻(与虾蛋白组比较,0.01 ＜ P ＜ 0.05 或P ＜ 0.01);同时,3种酶解产物致敏的离体回肠平滑肌对虾蛋白和酶解产物过敏原攻击的反应也明显减弱(与虾蛋白致敏组比较,0.01＜P ＜ 0.05 或P ＜ 0.01)。综合评价3 种酶解产物的致敏性,认为木瓜蛋白酶的酶解工艺较好,过敏原消减比较理想,食用更安全。     

南海北部第三系海相烃源岩

孢粉组合及有机质组成等分析表明,南海北部第三系海相烃源岩的有机质主要来源于陆生高等植物,其形成与河流-三角洲和海岸平原等利于陆生高等植物发育的环境密切相关。平面上,盆地或凹陷边缘发育的海相烃源岩有机质丰度较高,而盆地或凹陷沉积中心的海相烃源岩有机质丰度较低。层序地层格架中的海侵体系域能够形成还原的沉积环境,有利于陆生高等植物来源的有机质保存及海相烃源岩的发育。珠江口盆地白云凹陷深水区已发现的原油明显存在珠海组海相烃源岩的贡献,海相烃源岩可能是南海北部深水区外围盆地的主要烃源岩。